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A termite nest can be considered as being composed of two components, both the inanimate and the animate. The animate is all the termites living inside the colony, and the inanimate part is that the structure itself, which can be constructed from the termites. Nests can be broadly separated into three main categories: subterranean (entirely below ground), epigeal (protruding above the soil surface), and arboreal (built above ground, but constantly connected to the ground via shield tubes).184 Epigeal nests (mounds) protrude from the earth with ground contact and are created from earth and mud.

Most termites construct underground colonies rather than multifunctional nests and mounds.186 Primitive termites of today nest in wooden structures such as logs, stumps and the dead parts of trees, as did termites millions of years back.184.

To build their nests, termites primarily utilize faeces, which have many desirable properties as a construction material. Other building materials include partly digested plant material, used in carton nests (arboreal nests built from faecal elements and wood), and soil, utilized in subterranean nest and mound construction. Not many nests are observable, as many nests in tropical forests are situated underground.186 Species in the subfamily Apicotermitinae are good examples of subterranean nest builders, as they only dwell inside tunnels.

Nests and mounds shield the termites' tender bodies against desiccation, mild, pathogens and parasites, in addition to providing a fortification against predators.188 Nests made from carton are particularly weak, and so the inhabitants utilize counter-attack approaches against invading predators. .

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Arboreal carton nests of mangrove swamp-dwelling Nasutitermes are enriched in lignin and depleted in cellulose and xylans. This change results from bacterial illness in the gut of the termites: they utilize their faeces as a carton building substance. Arboreal termites nests can account for up to 2% of above ground carbon storage in Puerto Rican mangrove swamps.

Some species build intricate nests known as polycalic nests; this habitat is known as polycalism. Polycalic species of termites form numerous nests, or calies, connected by subterranean chambers.107 The termite genera Apicotermes and Trinervitermes are known to possess polycalic species.191 Polycalic nests appear to be less frequent in mound-building species but polycalic arboreal nests have been found in a few species of Nasutitermes.191.

Nests are considered mounds if they protrude from the planet's surface. A mound provides termites exactly the exact same protection as a nest but is stronger.189 Mounds found in regions with torrential and continuous rainfall are in danger about his of mound erosion due additional info to their clay-rich construction. Those made from carton can provide protection against the rain, and in fact can withstand high precipitation.

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For instance, Cubitermes colonies construct narrow tunnels utilized as strong points, as the diameter of the tunnels is small enough for troops to block.192 A highly protected room, known as the"queens mobile", houses the queen and king and is used as a final line of defence. .

Species in the genus Macrotermes arguably construct the most complicated structures in the insect world, constructing enormous mounds. These mounds are among the biggest in the world, reaching a height of 8 to 9 metres (26 to 29 feet), and consist of chimneys, pinnacles and ridges.56 Another termite species, Amitermes meridionalis, can build nests 3 to 4 metres (9 to 13 ft ) high and 2.5 metres (8 ft ) wide.

The sculptured mounds occasionally have fancy and distinctive types, like the ones of the compass termite (Amitermes meridionalis and A. laurensis), which assembles tall, wedge-shaped mounds with the long axis oriented about northsouth, which gives them their common name.194195 This orientation has been experimentally shown to assist thermoregulation. The north-south orientation causes the internal temperature of a mound to increase quickly during the morning when avoiding overheating from the midday sun.

Termites construct shelter tubes, also known as earthen tubes or mud tubes, that begin from the ground. These shelter tubes can be found on walls and other structures.197 Constructed by termites during the night, a time of higher humidity, so these tubes provide protection to termites from potential predators, especially ants.198 Shelter tubes also give high humidity and darkness and allow workers to collect food sources that cannot be accessed in any other way.197 All these passageways are made from soil and faeces and are normally brown in colour.

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They range from less than 1 cm to several cm in width, but might extend dozens of metres in length.198.

Owing to their own wood-eating customs, many termite species can do significant damage to unprotected buildings and other wooden structures.199 Termites play an important role as decomposers of why not try here wood and vegetative material, and the conflict with humans occurs where structures and landscapes containing structural wood components, cellulose derived structural materials and ornamental vegetation provide termites with a trusted supply of food and moisture.200;Their habit of remaining concealed often results in their presence being undetected until the timbers are severely damaged, leaving a thin layer of a wall that protects them from your environment.201 Of the 3,106 species known, only 183 species cause harm; 83 species cause significant damage to wooden structures.199 In North America, 18 subterranean species are pests202; in Australia, 16 species have an economic impact; in the Indian subcontinent 26 species are considered pests, and in tropical Africa, 24.